Uninterruptible power supplies are classified in two main classes: 1-Off-line or Line interactive 2- On-line. As the name suggests, standby UPSs store the energy in the accumulators while the mains are available, but they do not interfere with the flow of energy to the critical load. They stand by. However, in case of an outage in the mains, they step in and provide the critical load to be fed. Although this transition is very short, between 4 and 10 ms. it still creates an outage; small desktop computers and similar devices are not affected by such a short outage.

The line interactive ones also work with the same principle, but while they charge the batteries to accumulate energy, they also ensure that the voltage reaching the device remains within certain limits.

The most important shortcomings of these devices are that they cannot prevent electrical noise coming from the network, fluctuations in the network, and malfunctions that may occur after lightning strikes on the power lines, from being transmitted to the powered device.

On- line uninterruptible power supplies provide complete isolation between the critical load and the network. On the one hand, it converts the mains voltage to DC voltage and charges its batteries, on the other hand, the DC voltage it generates is inverted to AC voltage, controlled, and regulated within 1%, preventing any kind of network disturbances reaching the critical load. Consequently, critical loads where even the momentary loss of energy would have grave consequences, should always be fed by On-line UPS’s.

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