Sustainable clean energy sources like wind and solar have one big disadvantage: they are not always available. The world economy needs cheap and powerful batteries that can store the electricity generated from wind or sunlight, so that we can use it when we need it, even when it is dark outside or there is no wind. The most common batteries that power our smartphones and electric cars are lithium-ion batteries. They are quite expensive because worldwide demand for lithium is growing rapidly. At the same time, these batteries can also be highly flammable.

Water-based zinc accumulators offer a promising alternative to these lithium-ion batteries. An international research team led by ETH Zurich has devised a strategy that enables significant advances in the development of such zinc batteries, making them more powerful, safer and more environmentally friendly. Zinc batteries have many advantages: Zinc is abundant, cheap and has a mature recycling infrastructure. Zinc batteries can also store a lot of electricity. Most importantly, zinc accumulators do not require the use of highly flammable organic solvents as the electrolyte liquid, instead they can be alienated using water-based electrolytes.

Many different chemical combinations are being evaluated in laboratories around the world to find the ideal battery.

In addition to zinc, nickel, cadmium, lead, silver and mercury are also being tested. They all have different pros and cons.

The ideal accumulator should be made from materials that are easily recyclable and abundant in the earth's surface. It should provide high storage capacity density, both in terms of volume and weight.

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